Resistance Training in Youth Physical Development

With the return of the Lab Rats program to our Long Term Athletic Development service continuum, it's important to highlight the benefits of exercise in general, but specifically resistance training, for children. The Role of Physical Activity and Resistance Training Childhood inactivity has reached all-time highs. In fact, obesity has reached epidemic proportions in modern society, posing serious physical and emotional risks for affected children. Recent data indicate that approximately 17.1% of youth aged 2 to 19 years are classified as obese, with an additional 33.6% at high risk of developing obesity (Ogden et al., 2014). Contributing factors include poor dietary habits and increased screen time from devices such as smartphones and tablets, which have led to a more sedentary lifestyle among children and adolescents (Andersen et al., 2017; Tremblay et al., 2011). The Importance of Physical Activity and Resistance Training for Children Physical activity, including resistance training, is a proven strategy for reducing body fat and improving overall health in children and adolescents. Research shows that structured exercise programs not only decrease adiposity but also enhance cardiovascular health, bone density, and motor skills (Faigenbaum et al., 2009; Strong et al., 2005). Despite these benefits, many parents remain concerned about the potential for resistance training to stunt growth or cause injury in young children. However, evidence indicates that when resistance training is properly designed and supervised by qualified professionals, it does not negatively impact growth or increase injury risk. In fact, such programs can have a positive influence on bone strength, motor development, and overall physical literacy (Faigenbaum et al., 2009; Lloyd et al., 2014). Long-Term Benefits for Athletic Performance and Injury Prevention Engaging in resistance training and general physical activity from a young age [...]

By |2025-05-25T17:57:19-04:00May 26th, 2025|Training Info|0 Comments

Optimizing Hypertrophy Training by Robert Duncan

[Robert Duncan achieved his bachelor of science in exercise science from Appalachian State University and masters in Kinesiology and Sports Studies from East Tennessee State University. He has participated in multiple internships with high schools, at the collegiate level, as well as in the private sector. Robert is currently a part of Athletic Lab's coaching mentorship program] Why exactly do people go to the gym and resistance train? Whether it is to improve performance in sport, change body composition, or to get tone you may not be training with the right intensity to optimally stimulate a hypertrophic response. Muscle hypertrophy is the technical term for muscle growth, and it refers to the increase in the size of your muscle cells. The most efficient way to produce a hypertrophic response is high-intensity resistance training, equal to or greater than 80% 1RM and eccentric contractions at 100 - 120% 1RM. It is at these intensities that integrated electromyographic activity has been shown to increase. This elevated neural activation contributes to an increased muscle tonus, an electrophysiological phenomenon, and to strength gains early on in the training period, with muscle hypertrophy contributing to further strength increases later in training. With the increase in the cross-sectional area of a muscle being directly correlated to the increase in maximum force production potential of the muscle. Muscle tonus refers to an increased ionic flow across the cell membrane and gives the muscle a firm appearance. Thus, if toned muscle are the goal, strength is the best method for achieving this appearance. To begin, previous research has shown training with loads at or above 80% 1RM and eccentric contractions at or above 100 - 120% 1RM allow for 10 reps at the [...]

By |2018-08-03T13:39:51-04:00August 1st, 2018|Training Info|1 Comment

Weight Training for Preadolescents by Brandon Gremillion

[Brandon Gremillion is a student at the University of Mount Olive majoring in Exercise Science. He is currently an Athletic Development Intern at Athletic Lab.] You may not think to use resistance training with weights in preadolescents, but there are many benefits to implementing it into a workout regime. A preadolescent is someone who usually falls between the ages of nine and twelve years of age. Utilizing weights during training for these individuals has not always been supported because of the concerns for injury and the questionable efficacy of this type of training to improve strength (Sibte, 2003). However, it has been shown that the combination of resistance training and cardio in regards to preadolescents can have long term health benefits (Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness [CSMF], 2001). This belief has further been backed up with research that has shown that, strength training, when properly structured with regard to frequency, mode (type of lifting), intensity, and duration of program can increase strength in preadolescents (Sibte, 2003). Resistance training with weights increases the risk of muscle strain and compression, but that risk is not as significant as the risk of injury associated with sports and recreational activity. In regards to preadolescents and resistance training the most common injuries seen are muscle strains, low back injury, and growth plate injuries (CSMF, 2001). Tendonitis can occur when a child is tasked with the high demands of competition and training without proper rest and recovery. Another issue that can arise is a diminished flexibility and muscle-tendon strength mismatches which in turn could cause injury (Sibte, 2003). The good thing is that most of these injuries are uncommon and are largely preventable by avoiding maximal lifts, improper technique, and [...]

By |2017-04-12T19:26:57-04:00March 15th, 2017|Training Info|0 Comments

The Effects of Eccentric Resistance Training on Muscular Strength by Lauren Cowley

[Lauren Cowley is currently a senior at the University of Mount Olive and will graduate in May 2017. She is an Exercise Science Major, and a former NCAA DII Soccer Player. She is currently an Athletic Development Intern at Athletic Lab.] According to the ACSM, muscle contractions involve shortening and lengthening while the muscle is still producing force. The phase of contraction that occurs when the muscle shortens is concentric, whereas the phase of contraction that occurs as the muscle lengthens is eccentric (Eccentric Resistance Exercise for Health and Fitness, n.d.). Throughout my education in the field of Exercise Science, I've always been interested in the concentric versus eccentric debate. Following a video I viewed recently, I expanded my knowledge of eccentric movement profoundly. It is essential to strengthen both concentric and eccentric phases of muscle contraction in order to sustain sport performance and prevent injury throughout the whole range of motion (Eccentric Strength Development, n.d.). It appears that recent training programs place emphasis on the eccentric phase of muscle contraction. The benefits of eccentric resistance training appear to be copious, with one major benefit being its effect on muscular strength. It produces augmented strength in the entire range of motion of each joint, greater strength across a range of movement speeds and amplified sport performance and muscular power (Eccentric Resistance Exercise for Health and Fitness, n.d.). An article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine investigated "the effects of eccentric versus concentric resistance training on muscle strength and mass in healthy adults" with the aim to determine whether eccentric resistance exercises were superior to concentric exercises in stimulating gains in muscle strength and mass. Their findings, following meta-analyses, were that high intensity eccentric resistance [...]

By |2017-04-12T19:28:03-04:00January 23rd, 2017|Training Info|0 Comments

Rounded Back Deadlifts by Isaac Smith

[Isaac Smith is a Senior at North Carolina State University and is currently enrolled in the Athletic Lab Coach Apprenticseship Program] When it comes to powerlifting, or even exercise in general, the deadlift is regarded as the king of all exercises. There isn't anything more satisfying than walking up to a loaded barbell and lifting it with all your might. While you can cheat many different exercises in the gym, there is no shortcut to deadlifting you either move the weight, or the weight moves you. While the goal of the deadlift is to raise a barbell from the floor and lock it out right below the hip, many people use different techniques to achieve this end position. Some may pull sumo style (wide feet and hands placed inside the thighs) and some may pull conventional style (feet approximately shoulder width apart and hands on the outside of the thighs). Among those who pull conventional, some tend to maintain a neutral spine throughout the duration of the lift while others may decide to blatantly round their upper backs before they initiate the deadlift and this may raise a few eyebrows. The reason many people oppose rounded back deadlifts is due to their concern for the lifter's safety. The spine can be delicate and prone to injury. When you begin to place it under heavy loads in positions that aren't optimal, this could be a recipe for disaster. When lifters round their lower backs during the deadlift, they could have the tendency to herniate disks due to the compression of the front side of the spine. In addition to the safety aspect, rounding your lower back makes completing the lift that much harder. Although the weight [...]

By |2017-04-12T19:36:08-04:00February 19th, 2016|Training Info|1 Comment

Should Youth Strength Train? by Dominique Stasulli

[Dominique Stasulli is an Athletic Development Intern at Athletic Lab] Should your child be weight training to supplement their traditional sporting practices? There has been much controversy in recent years on whether or not strength training (also known as resistance training) in youth population is safe or effective. Many parents voice their concerns for their child's health, based on the belief that resistance training may damage growth plates, stunt growth, lead to injury, build muscle prematurely, and hinder pubertal progression. These concerns are reasonable but not valid or supported by the research. This article serves to be an informative piece to clear up the parental concerns regarding any negative effects of strength training in youth populations. Does strength training damage my child's bone growth or tendons In a growing child, growth cartilage can be found at the following three locations: the ends of long bones, the lining of joint surfaces, and where tendons attach to the bones (1). The potential for injury to this type of vulnerable tissue is actually less in preadolescent (prepubescent) children because cartilage is actually more pliable and resistant to sheering forces at this age (1). The evidence suggests that strength training in youth, actually increases the strength of ligaments, tendons, and bone (2), much like other weight bearing exercise. Childhood and adolescence is an opportune time for the process of bone remodeling, in which the body recycles structural bone cells in order to then build stronger bones (by increasing the bone mineral density); the body does this in response to tensile or compressive forces, such as those experienced with resistance training or any other weight bearing activity. In the most recent statement from the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA), [...]

By |2017-04-13T10:59:29-04:00October 14th, 2014|Training Info|0 Comments
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